Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had routine surgical simulator training during residency

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cataract surgery by residents who had mandatory surgical simulator training during residency. Methods: In this retrospective, observational analytical study, the total number of cataract surgeries and surgical complications by all senior residents of 2019 (2019 class; prepandemic) and 2020 (2020 class; affected by the reduced number of elective surgeries due to the COVID-19 pandemic) were collected and compared. All residents had routine mandatory cataract surgery training on a virtual surgical simulator during residency. The total score obtained by these residents on cataract challenges of the surgical simulator was also evaluated. Results: The 2020 and 2019 classes performed 1275 and 2561 cataract surgeries, respectively. This revealed a reduction of 50.2% in the total number of procedures performed by the 2020 class because of the pandemic. The incidence of surgical complications was not statistically different between the two groups (4.2% in the 2019 class and 4.9% in the 2020 class; p=0.314). Both groups also did not differ in their mean scores on the simulator's cataract challenges (p<0.696). Conclusion: Despite the reduction of 50.2% in the total number of cataract surgeries performed by senior residents of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of surgical complications did not increase. This suggests that surgical simulator training during residency mitigated the negative effects of the reduced surgical volume during the pandemic.

Research Status and Trends in Competitive Sports Biomechanics / 医用生物力学

Sports biomechanics is an interdisciplinary application science that studies human movement. The main purpose of sports biomechanical research is to improve competitive sports performance and prevent sports injuries. This review introduced methods commonly used in biomechanical research, and selected results in biomechanical research on sports performance, training method and sports equipment, so as to provide references for improving the quality of biomechanical research in China. It is hoped that more biomechanical studies will be conducted with the focus on sports performance improvement and injury prevention, using rigorous research design and new technologies to obtain more accurate biomechanical data in human movement, so as to increase the breadth and depth of sports biomechanical researches.

Análisis y mejora estratégica del proceso de categorización de investigadores / Analysis and strategic improvement of the researchers' category process

RESUMEN Fundamento: el perfeccionamiento del potencial científico en salud representa una meta que implica empeño y compromiso de todos los actores. Objetivo: desarrollar acciones estratégicas para mejorar el proceso de categorización de investigadores en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la provincia Matanzas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en el área de Ciencia e Innovación Tecnológica, período 2009-2019. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 230 profesionales con categoría investigativa. Las variables seleccionadas: investigadores categorizados por año, profesión y categorías científicas. Se evaluó el proceso de categorización de investigadores mediante análisis de las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas. Se conformó una estrategia soportada en objetivos, acciones y criterios de medida; se implementó y evaluó la estrategia según la comparación de resultados del año 2019 con respecto al acumulado del 2015-2018. Resultados: el mayor porcentaje de investigadores categorizados correspondió a los profesionales médicos ya las instituciones de la atención secundaria. Se detectaron dificultades en el funcionamiento del proceso. Se enfocaron acciones para la identificación de profesionales, la integración con la formación doctoral y la divulgación de información científica. Se comprobó mejoría en las categorías superiores y se valoraron nuevas líneas de trabajo. Conclusiones: la identificación de insuficiencias en el proceso de categorización de investigadores de la universidad constituyó el punto de partida para proyectar estratégicamente acciones e instrumentarlas para revertir dicha situación, centradas en el perfeccionamiento del proceso de categorización de investigadores y permitió validar su pertinencia bajo un enfoque de mejora continua necesaria para el perfeccionamiento del sistema de Ciencia e Innovación Tecnológica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas.

ABSTRACT Background: the improvement of the health scientific potential represents a goal that implies determination and commitment of all actors. Objective: to develop strategic actions to improve the researchers' category processat the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Methods: a quasi-experimental study of intervention in the area of ​​Science and Technological Innovation was carried out,2009-2019 period. The study population consists of 230 professionals with research category. Selected variables: researchers categorized by year, profession and scientific categories. The process of scientific ranks appointmentswas assessed byanalyzing weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities. A strategy was carried out supported by objectives, actions and measuring criteria; the strategy was implemented and evaluated by comparing results of the year 2019 with those of the 2015-2018 period. Results: the highest percentage of researchers with categories corresponded to medical professionals and secondary care institutions. There were difficulties detected in the process performance. Actions were focused on the identification of professionals, integration with doctoral training and the dissemination of scientific information. There were documented improvement areas in the highest ranks as well as future issues to work on. Conclusions: the identification of inadequacies in the university research categorization process was a starting point to strategically project actions and implement them to reverse this situation, based on process improvement process and hence, it allowed the validation of its relevance under a necessary continuous improvement approach in Science and Technological Innovation System of Matanzas University of Medical Sciences.

Practice and Experience of Microbiological Examination Training for Hospital Pharmacists / 中国药师

The pharmaceutical microbiological examination in medical institutions is an important method to ensure the safety of preparations.It is of great significance to popularize the techniques of drug microbiological examination in primary medical institutions.This article started with the purpose, plan and training contents of the microbiological examination training program, which combined with theory teaching and practical operation, two-phase practical teaching, group teaching and collective teaching and guided students to design and plan experiments to carry out the teaching work,and then explored the ways and improving measures of the pharmaceutical microbiological examination training for hospital pharmacists, which could provide reference for the training and teaching of hospital pharmaceutical microbiological examination.

Effect of exercise order on the number of repeats and training volume in the tri-set training method / Efeito da ordem dos exercícios sobre o número de repetições e volume de treino no método de treinamento tri-set

Abstract Although the tri-set system is widely adopted by athletes and experienced weight training practitioners aimed at optimizing the metabolic overload, there are still few works in literature on the effect of exercise order manipulation on this training system. Therefore, this work was aimed at investigating the effect of exercise order manipulation on the number of repeats and training volume using the tri-set system for lower limbs. This is a randomized cross-over design study. The experimental group consisted of 14 healthy men (23.53 ± 5.40 years; 24.51 ± 2.96 kg/m2). Subjects were submitted to two experimental sessions at different exercise order for lower limbs: Sequence A: squat on guided bar, leg press 45° and bilateral leg extension; sequence B: bilateral leg extension, leg press 45° and squat on guided bar. Three sets to volitional fatigue in all exercises were performed, with intensity of 75% 1RM. Superiority for sequence B in the total number of repeats (70.14 ± 13 vs 60.93 ± 7.94 repeats, p = 0.004) and total training volume (9129.64 ± 2830.05 vs 8238.29 ± 2354.20 kg, p = 0.014) was observed. Based on the above, the performance of single-joint exercises before multi-joint exercises in the tri-set system adopted for lower limbs induced higher number of repeats and total training volume.

Resumo Embora o sistema tri-set seja amplamente adotado por atletas e praticantes experientes de treinamento com pesos que buscam otimizar a sobrecarga metabólica, a literatura carece de investigações acerca do efeito da manipulação da ordem dos exercícios nesse sistema de treinamento. Sendo assim, objetivou-se investigar o efeito da manipulação da ordem dos exercícios sobre o número de repetições e volume de treino, utilizando o sistema tri-set para membros inferiores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento cross-over aleatorizado. O grupo experimental foi composto por 14 homens saudáveis (23,53 ± 5,40 anos; 24,51 ± 2,96 kg/m2). Os avaliados foram submetidos a duas sessões experimentais em diferentes ordens de exercícios para membros inferiores: sequência A: agachamento na barra guiada, leg press 45° e cadeira extensora bilateral; sequência B: cadeira extensora bilateral, leg press 45° e agachamento na barra guiada. Foram executadas três séries até a fadiga voluntária em todos os exercícios, com intensidade de 75% de 1RM. Observou-se superioridade para a sequência B no número total de repetições (70,14 ± 13,00 vs 60,93 ± 7,94 repetições; p = 0,004) e volume total (9129,64 ± 2830,05 vs 8239,29 ± 2354,20 kg; p = 0,014). Diante do exposto, a execução de um exercício monoarticular antes de multiarticulares, no sistema tri-set adotado para membros inferiores, induziu a um maior número de repetições e volume total de treinamento.

Practice of contestants selection and training methods under the new rules of National Oral Medical Skills Competition / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Participating in the National Oral Medical Skills Competition can push forward the teaching reform and curriculum construction,and promote the standardized development of teaching.According to the changes of competition level,rules and content of the National Oral Medical Skills Competition,the selection and training methods have been reformed.By designing the training programs,quantifying the scoring standards,strengthening the oral physician guidance and strengthening the psychological counseling and other trainings,satisfactory results have been achieved.

Research on long-year-program medical students' pediatric clinical skill training methods / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To study the clinical skills training methods and formulate a training objective for pediatric long-year-program students, to let the students, through three years of training program, reach the clinical ability as a chief resident, with better laboratory research skills, teaching awareness and responsibility, and also with good comprehensive quality and excellent English, and finally become clinical talents with great potential and innovation, this report summarized our study results of training two terms of long-year-program pediatric graduates, who fully meeted the training objectives in the department's practice.

Efeito agudo da vibração sobre o desempenho do agachamento em alta velocidade e salto vertical / Acute effect of whole-body vibration on high velocity squat and jump performance

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito agudo da exposição à vibração para o corpo todo sobre a produção de potência de membros inferiores no agachamento convencional e sobre o desempenho do salto vertical. Trinta sujeitos experientes em treinamento de força tiveram avaliados seus desempenhos no agachamento em alta velocidade e no saltovertical com contramovimento, antes e depois de serem expostos a quatro protocolos de vibração de maneira balanceada. As avaliações do agachamento em alta velocidade foram realizadas 3 minutos antes e, 6, 9 e 12 minutos após a exposição à vibração. As avaliações do salto vertical com contramovimento foram realizadas seis minutos antes e, nove e quinzeminutos após a exposição à vibração. Nenhuma alteração foi verificada nos desempenhos do agachamento veloz ou do salto vertical em razão da exposição à vibração. No entanto, foi verificado efeito principal do tempo, indicando uma diminuição na altura do salto vertical aos 3 minutos (-2%) e aos 15 minutos (-3,1%) após o tratamento. Estes resultados sugeremque a exposição à vibração não produz melhoras agudas no desempenho. Contudo, isso não é suficiente para descartar a possibilidade de utilização da vibração para o corpo todo nas rotinas de aquecimento ou de treinamento.

The objective of this study was to assess the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on power production of the lower limbs during squat exercise and on vertical jump height. The performance of 30 strength-trained subjects was assessed during high velocity squat exercise (HVS) and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) before and after being submittedto four different vibration protocols in a counterbalanced random manner. The HVS and CMJ assessments were performed 3 min before and 6, 9 and 12 min after the WBV interventions, and 6 min before and 9 and 15 min after the interventions, respectively. The different WBV protocols did not change relative peak or average power production during HVS and CMJ. However, time exerted a main effect, with a decrease in CMJ height at 3 min (-2%) and 15 min (-3.1%) after treatment. These results suggest that the WBV protocols employed in this study do not induce acute improvement in performance. However, this finding does not rule out the application of WBV as a useful strategy for training or warm-up routines.

The Useful Research of Intensifying the Medical Students' Clinical Skill Training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To intensify the medical students' clinical skills training is the main objective of medical education,and it can promote the reform of clinical teaching.In the whole process of clinical practice,we have adopted means of teaching before receiving clinical practical training,estimating indexes of examine,making use of diversified clinical skill training,supervising clinical practical quality.The operation ability of medical students has greatly increased.

Examination of Training Methods for Basic Clinical Skills Before Bedside Learning: Comparison Between Fixed-Instructor and Rotation Systems / 医学教育

To evaluate training methods for basic clinical skills before bedside learning, we used questionnaires to ask students and instructors their opinions about the fixed-instructor system, in which one instructor teaches the entire course, and the rotation system, in which instructors share responsibilities for teaching according to their specialty. Students had positive impressions of training with both systems. Many students felt that communication with in structors was good inthe fixed-instructor system and that the specialized education provided by multiple instructors was good in the rotation system. However, students expressed dissatisfaction about differences in educational content between the systems. Instructors believed an advantage of the fixed-instructor system was that skills learned could be applied to all medical fields, whereas the rotation system made teaching easier because it was specialized. On the basis of this investigation, we conclude that training should establish good communication between instructors and students and should include the required educational contents. We also found that unifying educational contents is difficult, regardless of the training system. Few reports about educational methods used to teach basic clinical skills have been published in Japan, but studies focusing on this issue are becoming increasingly necessary.

On the training method of appropriate skills of rural health / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There exist some problems in the medical level of the doctors who work in the medical and health institutions of rural areas. How to train them to have the appropriate skills is the hot spot issue to be studied. The researchers sum up a set of training methods suitable for the doctors who work in the medical and health institution of rural areas, namely the simulated training model of top seeds, the follow-up training model for the key medical institutions and the object-oriented training model for the team. If these three methods are combined with each other, it will be beneficial to the popularity and training of the rural health appropriate technology and it will also help enhancing the service level and ability of the medical workers in grassroots health-care institutions.

A Study of the Significance and Problems of Learning About Nursing in Medical Education from Nurses' Point of View / 医学教育

Although attempts to teach medical students about nursing have become more frequent, nurses who have lectured to medical students and have been involved in their practical training have rarely published studies evaluating their training methods and objectives. This study was performed to clarify the significance and problems of such teaching. Nurses now participate in the education and training of medical students in at least half of medical training hospitals and schools. They thought that this is a unique and beneficial educational opportunity and had high expectations. However, four main problems have been identified: the motivation and attitudes of medical students, the time and environment for training, the understanding of clinicians, and the problems of nurses, such as lack of educational experience.